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HOW HYDERABAD CAME TO THE INDIAN UNION

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    Over two years leading up to August 15, 1947, India’s first home minister, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, along with the Ministry of States secretary VP Menon, managed to convince almost all the 565 princely states to join India. Most princes came on board without a fuss. But other princes required more persuasion, and some refused to join until a show of force from the Indian government changed their minds. Mir Osman Ali Khan, the Nizam of Hyderabad, was among the few holdouts.
    In July 1947, Patel had said the only alternative to cooperation was ‘anarchy and chaos’, setting the tone for how the government would deal with princely states that opted against joining the dominion. When Hyderabad said it would rather remain a ‘sovereign state’, it sparked a year-long standoff between the Nizam and the government.
    Hyderabad was a key strategic state between India’s north and south. One constitutional expert at the time worried that an independent Hyderabad would force  India to ‘live without the midriff’. Patel said it would be like ‘a cancer in the belly of India’.
    Within Hyderabad, a three-way tussle was underway between the Nizam, the Hyderabad State Congress and the communists. The Nizam was also supported by the Ittihad-ul-Muslimeen and its paramilitary wing called the Razakars. After the Nizam refused to sign the instrument of Accession, he agreed to sign a ‘Standstill Agreement’ in November 1947, which maintained the status quo for the time being.
But as the months wore on, the Nizam and the government were unable to reach an agreement. In the meantime, the extremist Razakars grew stronger, Hindu-Muslim tensions rose and a communist uprising added to the state’s instability. In June 1948, Lord Louis Mountbatten, India’s last viceroy, left office and urged the Nizam one last time to consider acceding to India. With Mountbatten gone, Patel decided to take direct action and sent the Indian army into Hyderabad in September.
It took just four days for the Indian army’s ‘Operation Polo’ to take Hyderabad. Estimates suggest 42 Indian soldiers and more than 2,000 Razakars died in the fighting. During the invasion, communal violence also led to anywhere between 30,000 and 2 lakh civilian deaths. On September 17, the Nizam officially surrendered. He called for a ceasefire and banned the Razakars, whom he later blamed for forcing him to keep Hyderabad independent. On September 18, Operation Polo was terminated, and Hyderabad was absorbed into India.


MAIN POINTS

  • SEPTEMBER 11, 1948,
  • Moving troops to Secunderabad.
  • Pandit Nehru Explains India’s Objective
  • Restoration of Order: Primary Aim
  • SEPTEMBER 17, 1948
  • Indian Army Tanks Cross Border
  • Resistance in the Stronghold of Razakars Smashed

Times of India 12.9.21

Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

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WATCHOUT: HOW MUCH MEAT ARE YOU CONSUMING?

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MEAT FOR THOUGHT: WHY 100 BN ANIMALS DIE EVERY YEAR …. THE SCALE OF ANIMAL SLAUGHTER FOR FOOD IS UNSUSTAINABLE. MAY BE, JUST MAYBE, SCIENCE WILL FIND A WAY…..

    The global demand for animal protein is growing fast. That demand has been met by a sharp increase in meat and fish production. Animal farming has grown to the point that almost a third of all land is used for raising livestock. This, in turn, has increased carbon emissions.     The most jarring statistic is that to meet this demand, 900,000 cows, 1.4 million goats, 1.7 million sheep, 3.8 million pigs, 12 million ducks and 202 million chickens are slaughtered daily for human consumption, per FAO 2021 data. Add to that, fish consumed – an average of 211 million killed daily, by one estimate. Caveat: fish sticks, production and consumption are reported in tonnes, so the number of fish killed daily has various estimates.     Annually, close to 100 billion farmed animals are killed worldwide for human consumption. The scale at which meat is farmed is unsustainable on several fronts, not least for the environmental impact. The numbers are an eye-opener. Over 70% of bird biomass is poultry livestock. Poultry outweighs wild birds by a factor of more than 3 to 1. It’s worse for mammals. Almost 95% of global mammal biomass, excluding humans, is livestock. Livestock outweigh wild mammals by a factor of 15 to 1.     The world is getting weighed down by the need for meat. And the global population of farmed animals is not only a driver of climate change but also its victim.    

PRESSURE ON LAND: About 45% of the world’s habitable land is used for agriculture. Crops are grown on just a third of this; the rest of it is mostly grazing land. Just half of the cropland is grown for crops that humans consume.     The other half is used to grow crops for animal feed, biofuels, etc. In short, the majority of the world’s cropland is used to raise livestock for meat and dairy. Worse, animal feed is largely monoculture crops, which results in soil degradation.  

   RISK OF DISEASE: As demand increases, farms that ‘grow’ cows, chickens and pigs face their own challenges. Burgeoning populations mean animals are packed close together, often in cramped and unhygienic conditions. This is a direct risk for epidemic-level viruses to spread. The African swine fever (ASF) is estimated to have killed one in four pigs worldwide since it was first detected in 2018, and has a 100% case fatality rate. FAO’s 2023 outlook noted that the global impact of ASF resulted in a dip in demand for pork and its products, accompanied by a rise in demand for poultry.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: There is excessive use of antibiotics in livestock farming, especially poultry. This leads to antibiotic resistance. Animals are often given antibiotics routinely to promote growth and prevent illness in their crowded conditions. Such overuse allows antibiotic-resistant bacteria to thrive and spread. These resistant bacteria pass from livestock to humans via food. This impacts how we respond to life-saving antibiotics if we fall ill.

    CHAOTIC CLIMATE: Weather extremes impact all farming. But the loss to animals is not given due recognition. Freak storms, floods and forest fires burn farms, killing livestock. Heavy rains and floods in East Africa in June not only devastated cropland but also killed almost 10,000 farm animals. Floods contaminated rivers, lakes and ponds from where fish are sourced. All of this has sparked fears of a food crisis.    

EMISSIONS & MORE: The cattle industry is a significant contributor to greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily through the production of methane from livestock digestion and manure management. Cattle belch large amounts of methane, a GHG more harmful than carbon dioxide. Additionally, deforestation for grazing land, fertiliser use, and fossil fuel consumption in meat production processes all generate substantial GHG emissions. Beef typically has the largest emissions, followed by lamb, pork, chicken, then eggs and fish. About 26% of global GHG emissions are from food: grains, pulses, dairy, meat, the works. Of this, livestock and fisheries contribute almost a third. As scientists, environmentalists, governments and civil society grapple with climate change, the focus is largely on curbing plastics, focusing on energy mix, on pollutants and development models, but as the human population booms, and meat-eating spreads faster, the impact of a plate of food cannot be ignored. So, what are the solutions? For sure, not for much longer can it be business as usual on the animal farm. It is essential to use science and technology to reconstruct and upgrade how meat is sourced.

EAT LESS: Less meat is nearly always better than current options of lab-grown meat, both for the environment and health, given that today’s lab-grown meat (single-cell cultures) falls not only in the highly processed foods category but also did not quite impress consumers once the initial novelty wore off. ENGINEER THE BIOLOGY: Called “cellular agriculture”, the essence of such tissue engineering is just that – farming cells and growing meat from them. The idea behind it, under research in labs across the world, is to grow meat from cells extracted from animal organs and grown in a lab. Pioneer and proponent of cellular agriculture, bioengineer Isha Datar argues that we already consume several such cell culture products – as vitamins, flavours and enzymes. If the question on meat is how to feed more using less land, without emitting GHGs and without killing animals, science will – must – provide the answer.

(TIMES OF INDIA 20/6/24) TEXT: NANDITA SENGUPTA. SOURCES: POORE & NEMECEK (2018), HANNAH RITCHIE, MAX ROSER (OUR WORLD IN DATA), TED CLIMATE.

Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

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https://kamleshsujata.wordpress.com

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

***

Australia… Cook’s Cottage

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Captain James Cook

The trip to Cook’s Cottage was wonderful.

Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

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READER’S REWIND: THE TIGER’S TAIL

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    The tiger’s tail takes me back to Shillong of the 60s. Once, I was returning from Guwahati to Shillong in my father’s sky-blue Chevrolet Bel-Air car. Father had returned to Gauhati from Delhi via Kolkata, and the car had gone from Shillong to pick him up from Guwahati airport. (Shillong airport was not operational till mid 70s). I was very young and had tagged along with our friendly chauffeur, Bahadur, to receive Father. Father was a member of the Assam Cabinet. This was before Meghalaya was carved out of the state of Assam; until then, Shillong happened to be the capital of Assam. The sky-blue Chevrolet was cruising along quietly on the winding, hilly road. In those days, the drive from Guwahati to Shillong took about three hours, on account of the single road with a half-hour stop at the picturesque Nongpoh circuit house (midway) surrounded by tall pine trees and lush green hills. Nongpoh was famous for delicious mutton chops.

    We were close to Barapani, on the Shillong-Guwahati Road, aka the GS Road. Father was taking a well-deserved rest on the back seat after a hectic tour, and I was in the front seat with Bahadur. I was talking in undertones with him, and he too was replying in the same manner, as we didn’t want to disturb Father. Since Bahadur was well versed with Shillong and the vicinity, I was trying to find out if there was any wildlife around, even when I had seen plenty of wolves and foxes frequenting the iconic Brightwell Bungalow, our home in Barik Point, Shillong.

    Suddenly, Bahadur pointed at something unusual as well as bizarre on the roadside, a little before the Umiam Dam Project coming up in Barapani near Shillong. A group of about eight tribals were carrying a tiger with its legs bound on a sturdy pole, and the body lashed with strong and thick creepers. They were resting there while the tiger was lying by their side. Bahadur and I promptly got out of the car and approached the party. I started circling the tiger, not knowing how to approach it. Bahadur offered that I wanted to feel the tiger, especially its ears, whiskers, paws, body or the tail. I realised that even a fallen tiger looked so ferocious. I gradually gathered some guts and touched its tail. The tail wasn’t soft and silky as generally made out. I was anxious that the tiger might get up and pounce on me. But sadly, it was lying dead.  I ran my fingers on the tail from one end to the other and finally lifted it with both my hands. It was an amazing experience. Bahadur explained, the tiger uses its tail for balancing, counterbalancing and signalling while chasing targets. Soon we were back in the car. The car was filled with the scent of tiger.

    Father enquired if the tiger was dead. We felt the question was strange, as a tiger alive would have threatened and jeopardised our lives, as no one possessed a gun. We then came to know about the extent of the father’s knowledge about the local flora and fauna. He informed us that different tribes used dissimilar poisons to traumatise and kill the prey. The availability of poisons varied with locales, and in the present case, the poison appeared strong enough to kill the tiger immediately and not just make him unconscious. The Khasi Hills had several little-known Asiatic poisons but very powerful ones. Some strong poisons were extracted from flowers that bloomed once in two years or maybe three. This, however, cannot be authenticated now, but the local wisdom still believes in it. The tiger had probably been killed by a poisonous arrow (Teer) and chased after being hit. Tiger meat is still a delicacy and is used as an aphrodisiac in many parts of Asia.    The hapless tiger with its upturned body was a grotesque sight. They lifted the pole along with the tiger and vanished into thin air, taking a shortcut through some glade, shouting ‘Khublei.’ (‘Thank you’ or ‘God bless you’ in Khasi language). This method of hunting was primitive, though much followed by the old veterans of the village. It was economical as guns and bullets were unnecessary, and was mostly manpower oriented.

    This one-off episode, just twenty minutes of screen time, wrapped around my soul like the tail of a tiger. It struck me not with a roar, but with a whisper so powerful that it echoed through the quiet chambers of my heart. It was a scene that stuck in my mind for life. A mix of danger and beauty.

    Since then, whenever I visit Shillong, I stop at the location near the dam to remember the animal that had found space in my heart, and I don’t know why. How could an animal carcass find space in my heart, I could never figure out? I have seen umpteen tigers since then, some in zoos and some in sanctuaries, but that sleeping beauty of my childhood days was different, and the feel of the tiger’s tail was indelible. It lives in me even now as I watch the world in silence. The memory doesn’t fade. It has only grown sharper with time and refuses to forget me. That is why I scripted this story with freshness, as if it had happened only yesterday. Childhood memories always stay alive.

Written by Kamlesh Tripathi

Author, Poet, & Columnist

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https://kamleshsujata.wordpress.com

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

***

The Story of King Bali

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    Once upon a time, there lived a daitya king named Bali, also known as Mahabali, Indrasenan, or Maveli. He was the noble grandson of Maharaja Prahlad. Though born of a demon lineage, King Bali aspired to rule over the devatas (celestial beings). To fulfil his ambition, he performed a fire-sacrifice (Yajna) and received a boon of powerful weapons from the Fire-God.

    Armed with these divine weapons, King Bali marched toward the Indraloka. Upon hearing of Bali’s intent, Indra—the king of Indraloka—sought advice from his guru, Brihaspati. On his guru’s counsel, Indra fled and went into hiding. Bali seized control of Indra’s kingdom and performed a grand sacrifice to gain even greater power than the devatas.

    Aditi, the mother of the devatas, was distressed by the demon king’s rule. She turned to her husband, the great sage Kashyapa, for help. He advised her to observe payovrata—a vow of subsisting only on milk for a set period—to please Lord Vishnu. “Only Lord Vishnu can help us,” he said.

    Pleased with Aditi’s devotion, Lord Vishnu appeared before her and promised, “I will take birth as your son and protect the devatas.” Aditi was overjoyed. In time, Lord Vishnu incarnated as her son, Vamana, a dwarf brahman. All the devatas and sages came to greet the divine child.

Sage Brihaspati conducted Vamana’s upanayanam (sacred thread ceremony), while Yamaraja chanted the Gayatri Mantra. Indra gifted Vamana an umbrella; Brahma gave a Kamandalu (water pot). Chandra offered a shaft, and the seven sages presented Kusha grass.

Meanwhile, King Bali was performing the Ashvamedha Yajna to increase his dominion. Vamana, now a radiant young brahman, entered Bali’s palace. His brilliance astonished the king and the assembled sages.

King Bali welcomed Vamana with great respect and asked, “Lord, what can I do for you?”

Pleased with the king’s hospitality, Vamana praised his lineage and humbly requested, “Grant me just three steps of land, measured by my feet.”

Amused by such a modest request, Bali replied, “I am a king! You may ask for villages, gold, cows—anything you desire.” But Vamana smiled and insisted on only three steps of land.

Maharaj Bali agreed to the request, but his guru, Shukracharya, warned him, “This is no ordinary brahman. He is Lord Vishnu in disguise, come to destroy you and restore the devatas.”

Even after realising Vamana’s true identity, Bali stood firm in his promise. He chose to honour his word over his guru’s warning. He performed the ritual and granted Vamana the three steps of land.

At once, Lord Vamana began to grow—taller and taller—until his form encompassed the entire earth with his first step. The galaxies became his crown. As he grew further, they became his necklace, waistband, and anklets. With his second step, he covered all the worlds.

Then Vamana turned to Bali and asked, “Where is the land for my third step?”

In a gesture of absolute surrender, King Bali offered his head for the final step. Touched by Bali’s devotion and integrity, Lord Vamana blessed him and granted him rule over the lower realms, promising, “I will be your gatekeeper, so you may always have my darshan.”

The devatas showered flowers from the heavens and praised both Lord Vamana and King Bali for their selfless devotion.

King Mahabali is revered in early Hindu texts as a noble and generous ruler. His reign was marked by fairness, prosperity, and happiness for his people. It is believed that in the next Yuga, Mahabali will become the king of heaven.

In Kerala, Mahabali is remembered as the greatest ruler of all time. His legend forms the heart of the annual Onam festival. His story is also celebrated across Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh as Balipratipada, Balipadyami, or simply Bali.

Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

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https://kamleshsujata.wordpress.com

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

***

POEM: GLOBAL WARMING

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Enjoy my poem published in the Bandra Times newspaper:

Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

****

OSHO: BE MORE RESPECTFUL OF LIFE, YOU ARE PART OF IT.

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    There is an intrinsic animality in man, a violence which he brings with his birth.     Even small babies will find some ants and will kill for no reason: killing is a joy. And the same… There are so many hunters who are hunting deer, lions and tigers, and they call it ‘game’. But it is strange: when a lion eats a hunter … then it is a ‘tragedy’. Strange! And the lion kills you with bare hands, and you kill the lion from far away, with guns, arrows, and all kinds of devices. You are a coward.     I used to stay in the palace of the maharaja of Bhavnagar, and his whole palace was full of lions’ heads, deer heads, and tigers’ heads on all the walls. And he used to be very proud to introduce people… telling who killed which animal – this one was killed by his father, this one was killed by his grandfather, this one was killed by himself, this was killed by his brother, by his son. In the same way, he also introduced those things to me the first time I stayed with him …     I said, “…. All that you have been doing is killing animals. What is the purpose? You have enough food; you don’t need to kill them.”     He said. “It is a game.”     I said, “But the game has some rules. Both parties should be provided with the same instruments. Both parties should be confronting each other in full light. You are hiding behind a tree, with a gun, and you kill an innocent deer, and you think you are playing a game? And what part does the deer to play in the game? Has he consented to play the game? And this is very unfair: why are you sitting on top of a tree?     “You are simply a coward, even with your gun. And this is not a game. This is simply your intrinsic violence, which is finding some way to destroy. And if you have any sense of humanity, remove all this nonsense from this palace! This shows your real face. These are not the heads of the animals; these are your heads.”     He could not understand …     Just as you are here, a guest, a tiger is also a guest. And it simply means that if you kill the tiger, you are insensate. I am not concerned with the tiger, because it is going to die one day. I am concerned with you, because killing each human or animal or anything that is living, goes on making your heart a stone. And if your heart becomes a stone, a rock, then your spiritual growth becomes impossible. A rock will not allow you to reach your own being. Anything that stops your evolution in consciousness is evil- it is a sin – and anything that helps you to move towards more consciousness is a virtue. That’s the only definition that I can give to you. Be more aesthetic, be more sensitive, be more respectful of life, because you are part of it. Whoever you are killing, you are killing yourself. Your destructiveness is suicidal. Abridged from The Path of the Mystic, courtesy Osho International Foundation.

SPEAKING TREE 2/6/23

Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

***

AMBEDKAR: FIGHTING THE CASTE MONSTER

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Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

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https://kamleshsujata.wordpress.com

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

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HOW I GAVE UP SMOKING

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    Giving up smoking is one of my greatest victories. It all started long ago when I began my first job. I was surrounded by colleagues who smoked, and gradually, I too got into the habit. At first, it seemed like fun, but over time, it became an ingrained addiction. I started with just a few cigarettes, but before I knew it, I was smoking a whole pack of ten a day. Within a year, it escalated to three packs, and over the next few years, it stabilized at around 4-5 packs a day. This had physical consequences for me—my voice became raspier, and I realized I was trapped in an unhealthy cycle. I would light up before meetings, after meetings, when I was stressed, depressed, or even as an accompaniment to tea or coffee.

    I noticed the side effects in myself. I would sometimes get a sore throat, which the smoking aggravated. My appetite decreased. My shoestring monthly budget kept stretching because of smoking. It started to dawn on me that giving up smoking could be a win-win situation: better health and saving. But, like many smokers, I too struggled to quit. I tried various methods—timing my cigarettes, switching to Pan Parag, and even extinguishing my cigarettes after a few drags, only to light them up again. But deep down, I knew the dangers—cancer, heart disease, and declining health.

    The real turning point came during a long train journey from Chennai to Delhi and back. I had applied for a job in North India and had received an interview call. I was excited but also nervous. It was a long train journey of 36 hours, and in the rush to get to the station, I forgot to buy cigarettes. I only had two left in my pack, and I smoked them both at night, planning to replenish my stock in the morning. When I woke up in the morning, I reached for my cigarette pack reflexively, but the pack was empty. The next station was over an hour away, and I thought to myself, “Why not use this as an opportunity to quit smoking?” I was reminded of Mark Twain’s famous quote, ‘Giving up smoking is easy, I have done it hundreds of times.’

    When the train stopped at the next station, I was tempted to buy cigarettes, but I decided to hold off. Soon, the train rolled out of the railway platform, and I felt victorious because I had managed to resist the temptation. This was my first small victory, but it felt significant. Thereon, I kept myself busy by reading a book, drinking more tea, and avoiding railway platforms that might have tempted me to buy cigarettes.

    By the time I reached Delhi, I had gone 36 hours without smoking. It wasn’t easy. The interview went well. I had some free time to explore Connaught Place in Delhi. I stopped at a bar for a shot of brandy. It helped in the chilly weather. I felt the urge to smoke. But I resisted again, and I succeeded; I felt good. Later that night, I boarded the train back to Chennai. By now, 48 hours had passed without cigarettes. The thought of buying a packet of cigarettes didn’t cross my mind. It was a baby success which I didn’t want to share with anyone. Finally, after 72 hours, I reached Chennai without smoking.

    My body and mind began to synchronise well without cigarettes. I noticed I felt better—hungrier, more energetic, and even focused. I realized smoking wasn’t just an addiction—it was a nervous and insecure habit. It might have provided temporary pleasure, but it was ultimately damaging, both physically and mentally.

    Occasionally, I felt insecure without cigarettes, especially in high-pressure situations or when I had a long trip ahead. But gradually, I became more resilient without them. I had learned that the easiest way to quit smoking was to stop abruptly. No great planning was required. You don’t need to gradually cut down; you just have to decide to quit, and your body and mind will adjust to the void. I found better ways to cope with stress, and life without cigarettes became the new normal.

    Soon, I began to enjoy the benefits of quitting smoking. My body was healthier, and my mind was at peace. I realized that quitting smoking wasn’t just about giving up an addiction—it was about regaining control over my life and health. In the end, it turned out to be one of the most rewarding things for me. It wasn’t easy, but it was worth it. It saved my money, improved my health, and gave me a sense of accomplishment. For anyone struggling to quit, I hope my experience can be of help. Perhaps God had sent me for that interview only to give up smoking where Indian Railways helped me.

Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

Author, Poet, & Columnist

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https://kamleshsujata.wordpress.com

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Shravan Charity Mission is an NGO that works for poor children suffering from life-threatening diseases, especially cancer. Our posts are meant for our readers, including children and adults, and have a huge variety of content. We also accept donations for our mission. Should you wish to donate to the cause of cancer? The bank details are given below:

NAME OF ACCOUNT: SHRAVAN CHARITY MISSION

Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA)

IFSC code: BKID0006805

*

AMBEDKAR: FROM CASTE TO CONSTITUTION

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    Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar’s life indeed serves as a beacon of inspiration for those committed to equality, social justice, and dismantling oppressive systems. His insights into the caste system were groundbreaking and remain relevant even today. His statement about the caste system being a “monster” that must be eradicated for any real political and economic reform resonates deeply. By acknowledging that caste is not just a division of labor but also a division of people, Ambedkar illuminated how deeply it harms not only individuals but society as a whole.

    His critique of the caste system’s eugenic claims and its failure to produce a better society reflects his understanding of how it stunts human potential. Caste, in his view, doesn’t just harm the oppressed; it also disorganizes the social fabric of those who perpetuate it. Ambedkar’s assertion that caste doesn’t improve the race but instead demoralizes it points to a broader critique of how hierarchies and inequality can stunt collective progress.

    These perspectives are not just theoretical but were put into action in his tireless efforts to reshape India’s Constitution, fight for the rights of Dalits, and challenge the deep-seated social structures that perpetuated caste-based discrimination. His contributions laid the groundwork for a more just and equitable society, making him one of the most significant social reformers in modern history.

    He was born into a Mahar family, one of the castes considered untouchable in the rigid caste hierarchy of India, on April 14, 1891, in Mhow, Madya Pradesh, where his father served in the army. Despite facing severe social discrimination, his early life was marked by a strong desire for education and an urge to challenge the status quo that oppressed people like him.

    He studied at some of the best institutions globally, including Columbia University and the London School of Economics, where he earned doctorates in Economics. He later trained as a lawyer at Gray’s Inn, London, and became one of the most highly educated individuals in India at that time. Dr. Ambedkar’s life was devoted to fighting for the rights of the Dalits and the marginalized communities in India. His famous slogan, “Educate, Agitate, Organise”, continues to resonate, urging oppressed people to seek knowledge, actively resist oppression, and unite for their rights. Bernard Shaw once stated, “Dr. Ambedkar’s struggle against the caste system and his determination to free the Indian masses from the shackles of superstition and inequality was truly revolutionary. He understood that real progress could only come through education and social reform.”

   As the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India, Dr. Ambedkar played a pivotal role in shaping India’s legal and political framework. His vision helped enshrine fundamental rights such as equality, freedom of religion, and the abolition of untouchability in the Constitution. His contributions were critical in ensuring that India’s Constitution became a beacon of justice and equality, not just for Dalits but for all marginalized groups. He held a belief that, Constitution is not just a lawyers’ document but a vehicle of life, and its spirit is always the spirit of age.

    He was also a staunch advocate for women’s rights and fought for their protection and upliftment within Indian society. He was instrumental in introducing provisions for reservations for Dalits, Tribals, and Other Backward Classes, ensuring their access to education and employment. Author of umpteen titles, he chose to embrace Buddhism as a response to the caste-based discrimination entrenched in Hinduism. His conversion was a radical act of defiance and transformation.  

    His contributions to the Indian Constitution and his steadfast fight against caste-based discrimination laid the foundation for the rights of the marginalized in India. In 1990, India’s highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna, was posthumously awarded to him. The salutation “Jai Bhim”, popular among his followers, remains a powerful symbol of his ongoing impact. ‘I want all people to be Indians first, Indian last and nothing else but Indian’ He said.

Posted by Kamlesh Tripathi

Author, Poet, & Columnist

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https://kamleshsujata.wordpress.com

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