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As we grow older, our perspectives and lifestyles evolve. Life, as they say, is never static; the only permanence is impermanence. The way we see the world at twenty is vastly different from how we perceive it at forty, sixty, or eighty. Though it is often claimed that age is just a number, the number subtly yet significantly shapes how we view our remaining time on Mother Earth—and how we choose to live it out. Life expands like Parkinson’s Law, filling the available hundred years of human life.
Ancient Hindu wisdom offers a profound framework through the four ashramas—Brahmacharya (student life), Grihastha (householder life), Vanaprastha (withdrawal), and Sannyasa (renunciation). These stages map a gradual transition from outward engagement to inward realisation. In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna gently reminds us of life’s impermanence: Just as a person discards worn-out garments and puts on new ones, so does the embodied soul discards worn-out bodies and takes on new ones.
William Shakespeare, in his Sonnet 73, compares old age to late autumn and twilight: “That time of year thou mayst in me behold/ When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang…” Shakespeare’s metaphor of fading daylight beautifully mirrors the idea of life’s sunset.
In his short story White Nights, Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoyevsky poignantly captures the anxiety of passing time. Lamenting to Nastenka, a girl whom the narrator meets on the street of Saint Petersburg, says: “And you ask yourself: where are your dreams? And you shake your head and say: How quickly do the years fly by! And again you ask yourself: What have you done with your years? Where have you buried your best days? Did you live or not? Look, you say to yourself, look how cold the world is becoming. More years will pass, followed by gloomy solitude, and then doddering old age will come on a walking stick, to be followed by anguish and despondency. Your fantastic world will grow pale, your dreams will wither, die and scatter like yellow leaves from the trees … Oh, Nastenka! It will be sad, you know, to be left alone, quite alone, and not even have something to regret- nothing, absolutely nothing… because all that I have lost, all this, it was all nothing, a stupid, round zero– it was merely a dream!’
In Sailing to Byzantium, poet W.B. Yeats reflects on ageing and the longing for spiritual permanence: “An aged man is but a paltry thing, A tattered coat upon a stick…” Yeats sees old age not merely as decline, but as a call toward artistic and spiritual transcendence.
In his essay Cato Maior De Senectute (On Old Age), Cicero argues that old age can be honourable and productive when guided by wisdom and virtue. He challenges the idea that ageing is merely decline.
Rabindranath Tagore often wrote of life’s evening as a time of serenity and fulfilment. In his collection of poems, Stray Birds, he notes: “Death is not extinguishing the light; it is only putting out the lamp because the dawn has come.” His vision transforms sunset into spiritual illumination.
In Ernest Hemingway’s novella, The Old Man and the Sea, fisherman Santiago doesn’t give up in his old age. On the contrary, he kills an 18-foot-long Marlin and a few Sharks that attack the Marlin in the Gulf Stream while alone in his skiff, and returns safely home, only to dream about lions while asleep. The lions represent strength, energy, and the vigour of Santiago’s younger days. Though he is physically old and worn, his spirit still carries the courage and pride of youth. Hemingway gives a tall message in the book: “But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”
In his later masterpiece, The Glass Bead Game, author Herman Hesse explores withdrawal from worldly ambition and the search for contemplative depth—very much aligned with the Vanaprastha and Sannyasa stages.
American memoirist, essayist, poet, and civil rights activist Maya Angelou spoke of ageing as empowerment rather than diminishment. She once said, “We may encounter many defeats, but we must not be defeated.” Her reflections on later life emphasise resilience and dignity.
In Four Quartets, T S Eliot meditates on time, memory, and spiritual stillness: “Old men ought to be explorers…” He views the later years as a journey inward, not a retreat.
Sunset is the golden period of your life. It might become more meaningful and absorbing when you handhold classics and mythology and carve your own path. A smooth and gainful exit from this world is the best trophy.
Written and posted by Kamlesh Tripathi
Author, Poet, & Columnist
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https://kamleshsujata.wordpress.com
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